Language is a means by which we communicate
with others. Each language has its own specialties. For example English
Language has 26 alphabets, Uppercase and Small case, words with
different meaning and pronunciation, sentences, grammar etc.
What is Programming Language?
It is a Language we used to communicate with Computers. There are lot of programming languages with its own purposes and syntax.
Why we need Programming Languages?
It is because Computer does not have a brain
to take its own decisions and act accordingly. It does not have the
capability to respond to the directions and instructions given by the
human beings in their language. It needs to be programmed before use. We need a different Language to
Communicate with the Computers. These are known as Computer Programming
Languages. Program is a set of instructions given to the Computer so
that it can handle different situations and scenarios.
How a Computer Program works?
Computer is having a Microprocessor
made of millions of transistors. It can handle basic logical and
arithmetic operations and accept different inputs and produce different
outputs. A Microprocessor is having all resources for handling data,
performing logical and arithmetic operations on the data, produce
different output based on the operations in it and to control different
input output peripherals connected to it. Now programs are instructions
which describe the sequence and use of different resources in the
Microprocessor to carry out certain tasks.
The Language used to program a Microprocessor is called Machine Level language, which is the very basic Computer Programing Language. It is also known as Binary Level Language
(A Language composed of only 1s and 0s). However it is a tedious task
to program a computer using Machine Level Language as it lengthy, time
consuming and complex. However we should remember that the old computers
were programmed using this Language.
To make Programming easier, an Assembly Level Language
is introduced. These are certain English words used to Program and
process data in a Micro Processor. The Assembly Level Languages are
converted into Hex Code (A number system with base 16) using a compiler.
An assembler is a program which converts the Machine Code into Hex
Code.
Then comes the Middle Level Language.
The main purpose of these language is to make programing easier and
less complex. These programs are easily understandable by human being.
However the Microprocessor in Computers can understand only Machine
Level Languages. Now who will translate the Middle level Languages to
Machine Level Languages? The Software used to convert the middle level
language into Machine Level language is called Compiler. Interpreter is another Software which is used to Execute the Computer Program directly without converting it into Machine Level Language. Debugger
is a Software used to check the syntactical mistake (grammar mistakes
in Computer Programming) in Middle Level Language before converting it
into Machine Level Language.
There are different High Level languages
which makes the programming more easier as its syntax and usage of
words are almost similar to common English Language. However the pain of
conversion of this High Level Language to Machine Level Language will
be handled by the Compiler.
Some Low Level Languages: PL/S, BLISS, BCPL, ALGOL, C
Some Middle Level Languages: C#, C++, Java,
Some High Level Languges: Python, Ruby, and CommonLisp, SQL
Some Web Designing Languages: PHP, Ruby
Some Hardware Design Languages: VHDL, Verilog (This Program is exclusively used to design Integrated Circuits(IC Chips))
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